Meningitis-Bacterial

Bacterial meningitis is a serious illness caused by a germ called Neisseria meningitidis. This germ can cause:

• Meningitis, an infection of the lining around the brain and spinal cord
• Meningococcemia, a dangerous blood infection

This disease can come on very suddenly and can be life-threatening. Without quick treatment, it can lead to death in just a few hours. Many people recover, but some may have lasting problems like:

• Brain damage
• Hearing loss
• Learning difficulties

Who’s Most at Risk?

Anyone can get bacterial meningitis, but some people have a higher risk, including:

• Babies and young children – they are more likely to get infected
• Teens and young adults, especially those living in group settings (like college dorms or military housing)
• People with certain health conditions, especially those without a spleen or with weak immune systems
• Microbiologists who work with the bacteria
• Travelers going to places where meningitis is more common, like the "meningitis belt" in sub-Saharan Africa or people attending the Hajj or Umrah pilgrimages in Mecca

Treatment

Bacterial meningitis is treated in the hospital with strong antibiotics given by IV (through a vein). Quick treatment is important to help prevent serious complications.

People who have been in close contact with someone who has meningococcal disease (like household members or caregivers) may be given a short course of antibiotics to prevent getting sick.

Prevention

The best way to protect yourself and your child from meningococcal disease is to get vaccinated. There are two types of meningococcal vaccines used in the U.S.:

1. MenACWY Vaccine

Protects against 4 types of meningococcal bacteria: A, C, W, and Y

• Recommended for all kids at age 11–12, with a booster at age 16
• Also recommended for college students, military recruits, travelers to high-risk areas, and people with certain medical conditions

2. MenB Vaccine

Protects against type B meningococcal bacteria

• May be given to teens and young adults (ages 16–23) based on shared decision-making with a healthcare provider
• Especially recommended for those at higher risk (such as during outbreaks or with certain health conditions)

Other Ways to Prevent Spread

• Avoid sharing drinks, utensils, or toothbrushes
• Practice good hygiene like regular handwashing
• Stay up to date on all vaccines, especially before travel or entering group living settings